Confusion matrix

NxN matrix, where N is the number of classes for classification.

Activation function is used to determine the output of neural network like yes or no. It maps the resulting values in between 0 to 1 or -1 to 1 etc. (depending upon the function).

XGBoost is an implementation of gradient boosted decision trees designed for speed and performance.

LightGBM is a gradient boosting framework that uses tree based learning algorithms. It is designed to be distributed and efficient with the following advantages:

• Faster training speed and higher efficiency
• Lower memory usage
• Better accuracy
• Parallel and GPU learning supported
• Capable of handling large-scale data